The human brain is made up of millions and millions of cells called neurons. These neurons are connected to other neurons, creating a large "network" of interconnected neurons that create the central and peripheral nervous systems.
In the field of artificial intelligence, researchers study the workings of biological neurons through the use of artificial (replica) neural networks. These programs mimic the properties of real neural networks in hopes to gain a better understanding of how biological neural networks actually work.
These simple models of neural processing have helped gain lots of information and insight on how the human brain might work with respect to neural processing. Neural networks look at how the brain is wired through networks of neurons and synapses, and draw conclusions from this information. Believe it or not, neural networks can also learn just like you and me!
Neural networks can learn from positive, and negative reinforcement just like humans can. Though it does happen at a level that isn't as high as humans, it is still insightful and can help model certain processes.
There are also many other applications of neural networks besides using them for furthering knowledge on the human mind. There are applications of neural networks in business, medicine, robotics, and credit scoring to name a few. Who would've thought that a neural network could have a vast array of applications?
Neural networks are very important to the field of artificial intelligence as well as many others. Neural networks are such a large and complicated subject, that a mere blog can't even begin to scratch the surface on this amazing field. However, I've posted some links to help you hopefully better understand what neural networks are, and how they function.
For next time, we'll talk about the many objections to artificial intelligence.
Here is a bank of information about neural networks.
http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~nd/surprise_96/journal/vol4/cs11/report.html
Here is a car that is driven by neural networks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wn6nRaPc_Pw
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebbian_theory
Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
http://www.dtreg.com/mlfn.htm
Who can ever get sick of watching RoboCup
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMM_XQXJUUc
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